For USD→AED, expect a combination of spread, network rules, and provider fees. Compare total cost across cards, bank transfers, and remittance apps. Airport counters often have the widest spreads; digital options can be cheaper but may add fixed fees for small amounts.

Card transactions: possible network conversion + issuer markup.
Bank transfers: transfer fee + possible correspondent charges.
Cash exchange: widest spreads; compare before you go.

Tip: run a small test amount first to benchmark true costs with your provider.